Uganda—Acholi/Langi Cultural Leadership
Justification for SCS
• CUL: The Acholi and Langi Cultural Leaders are—first and foremost—leaders of these two tribes that dominate the north-central region.
• TCL: These cultural leaders represent the Acholi and Langi tribes.
• PSL: The cultural leadership has become increasingly political and is often seen to be allied with the Opposition (especially the FDC).
Stakeholder size (number of people)
Area of Influence
a. Geographic area: Kitgum, Pader, Gulu, Amuru, Lira, Dokolo, Apac Districts of Northern Uganda
b. Population subsets
• Acholi
a. Ker Kwaro Acholi
b. Acholi Religious Leaders Peace Initiative
• Langi cultural leadership
a. “Prime Minister”
b. Paramount Chief
Description of Organization
a. Who are the leaders? Paramount chiefs, clan chiefs, elders
b. How does one gain influence in the group? heredity
c. What issues do they care about?
i. Preservation of the traditional culture: this is the theoretical purpose of these cultural institutions, however political goals (as follow) have become increasingly important.
ii. Promoting a peaceful conclusion to the war in the north: Acholi/Langi cultural institutions have been instrumental in encouraging peace. Most significantly, they have collectively expressed opposition to the indictments by the ICC. To many people in the north, the threat of prosecution of the LRA is seen as a major stumbling block to peace negotiations.
iii. Combating the marginalization of the north: These cultural institutions have become increasingly political in their opposition to Museveni, largely because of the perceived marginalization of northerners.
d. What does the organizational structure look like?
i. Clan-based patriarchal hierarchy
Financial Resources (if applicable)
a. List activities that generate cash flow
i. Subsistence agriculture and some cash crop production is the primary source of income in the north
b. Income from activities
c. Profitability
Military Resources (if applicable)
a. Description: The GoU? encouraged the formation of local militias that were intended to work in collaboration with the UPDF for protection. However, these are not linked to the cultural leadership and more linked to the UPDF.
b. What arms do they possess
i. What type? The militias are poorly armed but do possess some light arms.
ii. How much?
c. Experience level: These local militias were often poorly trained and inadequately armed.
Provide a short history of the stakeholder group
a. What is their origin? The Acholi are part of the Luo ethnicity, from Southern Sudan. The chiefs are called “Rwodi.” Even though the Langi also speak a dialect of the Luo language, they are more ethnically similar to the Karamojong. The Acholi and Langi are the groups that have been most victimized by the conflict with the Lord’s Resistance Army.
b. How have they changed?
i. Interests: as noted, the leadership of the Acholi and Langi has become increasingly political
ii. Level of influence:
1. Traditionally, the Acholi and Langi never had paramount chiefs. These chiefs only came into power when the people identified the need for a centralized authority to promote their interest and advocate for them.
2. The formal political structure has undermined traditional authority.
3. Naturally, the conflict and displacement has severely impacted the traditional authority structures. Elders have died and “those that remain lack the capacity to deal with the unprecedented problems presented by the war and displacement.”
4. The emergence of women and youth empowerment has also undermined the patriarchal structure—for better or worse.
iii. Resources
1. Naturally, the war has devastated Lango and Acholiland in terms of productivity. While many people have engaged in petty trade, the primary means of sustenance—agriculture—has been severely impacted by displacement. Most people in the camps have become very dependent on donations from the World Food Program and other NGOs.
iv. Etc
c. What are their future goals? The most significant goal is the advocacy for a peaceful solution to the conflict with the LRA.
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