Country Namibia

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Background:

South Africa occupied the German colony of South-West Africa during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II, when it annexed the territory. In 1966 the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that was soon named Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. Namibia has been governed by SWAPO since the country won independence in 1990. Hifikepunye POHAMBA was elected president in November 2004 in a landslide victory replacing Sam NUJOMA who led the country during its first 14 years of self rule.

Location:	Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa
Geographic coordinates:	22 00 S, 17 00 E
Map references:	Africa
Area:	total: 825,418 sq km land: 825,418 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:	slightly more than half the size of Alaska
Land boundaries:	total: 3,936 km border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 967 km, Zambia 233 km
Coastline:	1,572 km
Maritime claims:	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate:	desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic
Terrain:	mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east
Elevation extremes:	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Konigstein 2,606 m
Natural resources:	diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, silver, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, tungsten, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore
Land use:	arable land: 0.99% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99% (2005)
Irrigated land:	80 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:	45.5 cu km (1991)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):	Total: 0.3 cu km/yr (24%/5%/71%) Per capita: 148 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:	prolonged periods of drought
Environment - current issues:	very limited natural fresh water resources; desertification; wildlife poaching; land degradation has led to few conservation areas
Environment - international agreements:	party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:	first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into i

Country Information Source: CIA World Factbook