Justification for SCS:
• PSL: The Government of Uganda is a political entity
• MIL: The Ugandan People’s Defense Forces (UPDF) has been sponsoring local defense units in the North.

Stakeholder size (number of people)
• Executive: President, Vice President, Cabinet, Attorney General
• Legislature: Parliament
• Military: 40,000
o Local militias in the north: 24,000
• Judiciary: Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, High Court, subordinate courts

Area of Influence
a. Geographic area: Uganda
b. Population subsets:
• Political Parties
o National Resistance Movement (NRM): The NRM is the party that has held power for the past 22 years. Initially, the NRM was a collaboration of a multitude of different factions, whose interest was primarily to oust the north-led government: youth, members of the Tutsi diaspora, educated individuals. One of these factions was composed of the Buganda tribe, who saw participation in the NRM as a way to achieve long-desired autonomy. In recent years, several factions have split away from the NRM to form other political parties, notably, the FDC.
o Forum for Democratic Change (FDC): the main opposition party. In the 2006 presidential elections, the FDC won 37% of the vote, though Besigye claimed that the elections were rigged and rejected the result.
o Democratic Party (DP)
o Uganda People’s Congress (UPC)
• Military (Ugandan People’s Defense Forces)
o Local militias in the north

Description of Organization
a. Who are the leaders?
• Parties
o National Resistance Movement (NRM): Yoweri Museveni
o FDC: Kizza Besigye, Beti Kamya
o DP: John Ssebaana Kizito
o Uganda People’s Congress (UPC)
• President: Yoweri Museveni, Vice President: Gilbert Bukenya
• Military (UPDF)
• Peace Negotations: Dr. Ruhakana Rugunda
b. How does one gain influence in the group?
• President: coup d’etat, election
• Parliament: election
• Military (UPDF): merit, nepotism/tribal affiliation
• Judiciary: merit, nepotism
c. What issues do they care about?
• President:
i. maintaining political power: Though he had promised to step down from power in 2006, he extended his ability to run for another term in office by constitutional amendment. Museveni won 59% of votes in the most recent election of 2006.Forum for Democratic Change (FDC): the main opposition party
ii. perpetuating the conflict in the north: Many northern Ugandans perceive that Museveni has an interest in perpetuating conflict in the North in order to: maintain the political and economic level of marginalization, avenge atrocities/marginalization committed by past regimes, and gain financially While these perceptions may be exaggerated, the actions of the GoU? over the past 20 years gives credence to allegations of deliberate marginalization.
• Military (UPDF):
i. Local Militias in the North: In response to LRA attacks, locals were encouraged to form militias. There were approximately 5 militias, altogether, totaling about 24,000 people, including civil defense units, home-guards and local defense units. Interestingly, the UPDF placed the bulk of “protection” on these militias while they pursued the LRA.
d. What does the organizational structure look like? Republic (bordering on dictatorship)
5. Financial Resources (if applicable)
a. List activities that generate cash flow
• GDP: $31.47 billion
• 40% of the Ugandan budget comes from foreign aid
• Much of western aid for the conflict in the North is funneled through the GoU? . Allegations that the GoU? has an interest in perpetuating the conflict suggest that this funding avenue might not be the most opportune.
• Resources: copper, cobalt, salt, limestone, hydropower, agriculture
b. Income from activities
• Corruption: Corruption is an enormous problem in Uganda, from the grassroots all the way up through the presidency. Government officials often receive kickbacks for their support of certain policies. Those dealing with funds are prone to embezzlement. The UPDF is plagued by a “ghost soldier” phenomenon in which former military members (killed or retired) continue to receive payment which is funneled to individuals.
c. Profitability

Military Resources (if applicable) (UPDF)
a. What arms do they possess
i. What type? Armored Fighting Vehicles, Armed Helicopters, artillery, combat aircraft, light weapons, mines, small arms
ii. How much?
b. Experience level
i. Local militias in the North: As noted, the UPDF has supported the establishment of local militias, groups of poorly trained, poorly armed people that include girls and boys.
c. The GoU? receives military assistance (aid and equipment) from the US and arms from Belarus, South Africa, and Israel.

Provide a short history of the stakeholder group
a. What is their origin?
• Parties
o National Resistance Movement (NRM): Yoweri Museveni formed the NRM in 1982 and became president in 1986. Though his long-standing presidency could be considered dictatorial, he has also protected many of the freedoms that people of more democratic nations enjoy—a welcome change from the brutal policies of his predecessors. All the same, he did not officially instate a multi-party democracy until 2005.
o Forum for Democratic Change (FDC) Kizza Besigye first ran against Museveni in 2001, relatively unknown outside the NRM. FDC was founded in 2004 and is mainly an alternative party for former adherents to the NRM. After returning from exile in the US and South Africa, Besigye was arrested for terrorism, though released shortly thereafter when Museveni realized his political blunder.
o Democratic Party (DP): The DP was founded in 1956 by Matayo Mugwanya. Originally, the party was formed to promote Catholic interests in Uganda. Multi-party politics was banned during Miltion Obote’s presidency (in 1967) through 2006. In the 1996 elections, the DP won 23% of the vote.
o Uganda People’s Congress (UPC): The UPC was formed in 1959, mostly composed of non-Baganda leaders—perceived to be an alliance against Buganda Kingdom. It was led by northerner, Milton Obote.
• Ugandan People’s Defense Forces: The UPDF is the military branch of the NRM and is closely affiliated with the political party. Formerly, the military had always been dominated by the stereotypically fierce northerners, but now, it is dominated (especially in the upper-level positions) by westerners. Museveni has always preferred military options in addressing conflict in the region. This is apparent both in his continued threats to the LRA and in the forceful disarmament of the Karamojong. Any failure to utilize military force in both these conflicts is less a reflection of reservation/precaution and more a reflection of the lack of political will to resolve these conflicts.
• Government bodies: officially established by the 1995 Constitution
b. How have they changed?
i. Interests:
• Presidency/NRM: Initially, the NRM’s primary goal was to oust the north-led government. After achieving presidency, Museveni signaled a focus on development and protection of human rights, especially for the south of Uganda. Though he is still respected as being a relatively progressive president, the perception of many Ugandans is that he does just enough in terms of protecting human rights to keep up appearances for western donors.
• Parliament: Prior to the establishment of a multi-party system in 2006, Parliament had its hands tied by the president. Anyone seeking to maintain or increase political power was bound to supporting the NRM and the president. Increasingly, parliamentarians are raising opposition voices, yet the extent of their support will be reflected in the 2011 elections.
ii. Level of influence:
• Presidency/NRM: Over the course of its reign in government, several formerly allied members of the NRM have broken away to form other political parties, notably the FDC. Though the President managed to remove the limit on his term, he will be heavily challenged in 2011.
iii. Resources
iv. Etc
c. What are their future goals?