DRC-[MONUC]

PSL

1. Justification for SCS

MONUC, the UN peacekeeping mission in Congo, is a force deployed by the member states of an international organization which is acting on behalf of national governments and with the consent of the Congolese government - therefore the classification as a state actor.

1. Stakeholder size (number of people)

troops: 16475[1]

1. Area of Influence
   1. Geographic area[2]

Headquarters: Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Field offices: Beni/Butembo, Bukavu, Bunia, Goma, Kalemie, Kananga, Kikwit, Kindu, Kisangani, Lubumbashi, Mahagi, Matadi, Mbandaka, Mbuji- Mayi, Uvira

Military headquarters:
Kinshasa (Main HQ and Western Brigade)
Kisangani (Eastern Division)
Bunia (Ituri Brigade)
Bukavu (Kivu Brigade South)
Goma (Kivu Brigade North) - in North Kivu there are 43 bases a la 30 troops each[3]

Logistics bases:
Kinshasa (DRC), Entebbe (Uganda), and Kigoma (Tanzania).

1. 1. Population subsets

Although theoretically serving all Congolese, there were allegations of MONUC indiscriminately killing civilians. In one operation to root out rebels from a village named Kazana in the Ituri district in April, some independent observers said more than 30 civilians were killed. [4] Therefore, among some groups there is resentment against MONUC.

1. Description of Organization
   1. Who are the leaders?[5]

Special Representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations, Head of MONUC: Alan Doss

Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG): Ross Mountain

Force Commander (Lt. Gen.): Babacar Gaye
Military chief of staff: Alain Kerriguy

MONUC Police Commissioner: Sudesh Kumar

1. 1. How does one gain influence in the group?

By international appointment.

1. 1. What issues do they care about?

The reputation and credibility of the international community.

1. 1. What does the organizational structure look like?

Military hierarchical structures.

1. Financial Resources (if applicable)
   1. List activities that generate cash flow

n. a.

1. 1. Income from activities

It is now the UN's largest peacekeeping operation, with an annual budget of more than USD1 billion[6] - according to their website their total requirements are 1.136.875.200 US$. [7]

1. 1. Profitability

n. a.

1. Military Resources (if applicable)
   1. What arms do they possess

The bulk of MONUC is made up of light infantry units, which are heavily concentrated in the eastern part of the country. There are two special forces companies, a pair of riverine patrol companies, a small attack helicopter capability of two Indian Mi-25 detachments, three utility detachment operating Mi-17 medium-lift aircraft, one observation/ reconnaissance unit using Cheetah light helicopters (the French SA 315B Lama) and several engineering units.[8]

• i. What type?

no data

• ii. How much?

no data

1. 1. Experience level

no data

1. Provide a short history of the stakeholder group
   1. What is their origin?

MONUC was established first in 1999 to ensure the implementation of an agreement to set up a Joint Military Commission composed of two representatives from each belligerent party under a neutral chairman appointed by the OAU.

Among other things, MONUC was required to take necessary measures to ensure compliance, collect weapons from civilians, and schedule and supervise the withdrawal of all foreign forces, in collaboration with the JMC and the OAU (now the African Union). It would also be tasked with providing humanitarian assistance to displaced persons, refugees and other affected people, and ensuring their protection.

The agreement envisaged the tracking down and disarming of armed groups, the screening of mass killers and war criminals, and the handing over of suspected genocidaires to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in Arusha, Tanzania. The countries of origin of members of armed groups were to take necessary measures to facilitate their repatriation, which could include granting amnesty to non-genocidaires.

The 'armed groups' were identified as the Rwandan ex-FAR and Interahamwe (ALiR? ), the Ugandan Allied Democratic Forces ( ADF), Lord's Resistance Army ( LRA), the West Nile Bank Front ( WNBF), the Uganda National Rescue Front II (UNRF II) and the Former Ugandan National Army (FUNA), the Burundian Forces pour la Defense de Démocratie ( FDD) and Angola's UNITA. [9]

1. 1. How have they changed?

MONUC's mandate comprises four 'phases', although it could be argued that all four phases are ongoing concurrently and several have no apparent end in sight. Phase I is the forcible implementation of the ceasefire, Phase II is monitoring the ceasefire, Phase III is disarming and reintegrating former rebels and Phase IV is preparing for elections.

While much of what MONUC soldiers now do is day-to-day patrolling, it also still takes direct action against rebel groups - in many cases so aggressively that it has been accused several times of indiscriminately killing civilians. In one operation to root out rebels from a village named Kazana in the Ituri district in April, some independent observers said more than 30 civilians were killed. [10]

An investigation by the BBC World Service, broadcast on 23 May, alleged that Pakistani peacekeepers based in the Mongbwalu area bought gold from two rebel commanders nicknamed 'Dragon' and 'Kung Fu' and later from the DRC national army.[11]

1. 1. What are their future goals?

Reaching certain benchmarks in terms of successful DDR, security sector reform and democratic institution building before withdrawing. [12]

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